Open Dialogue Research Journal
Pakistan’s promise to defend Saudi Arabia is becoming harder to separate from Yemen’s war. On September 18, it was reported that army chief, Asim Munir, had urged Iran to restrain the Houthis amid attacks on Saudi cities and energy infrastructure. The intervention reveals Islamabad’s immediate and practical preference: using its […]
[This article was originally published in May 2023.] The wars the United States waged and fueled in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, and Pakistan following September 11, 2001 caused at least 4.5 million deaths, according to a report by Brown University. Nearly a million of the people who lost their lives […]
The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, signed by Saudi Arabia, T+rkiye and Pakistan on 7 August 2026, is more than a reaction to immediate Middle Eastern instability. It represents an attempt by three influential regional powers to reduce their dependence on external security guarantees and exercise greater control over their strategic […]
The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement was not created by the US-Israeli war on Iran alone, but the war transformed it from a diplomatic possibility into a strategic necessity. Signed by Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan on August 7, 2026, it declares that an armed attack on one member will be […]
This was arguably a preemptive de-escalation move that would also gauge the US’ intentions. The New York Times (NYT) interviewed Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi in Kabul as part of their coverage of the fifth anniversary of the Taliban’s return to power. Muttaqi invited the US to reopen its embassy and […]
Egypt!s absence from the Mecca Joint-Defense Agreement is striking precisely because Cairo is not an outsider to the emerging alignment. The agreement, signed by Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan on 7 August 2026, establishes a collective-defense principle under which an armed attack against one member is considered an attack against […]
The emerging Saudi-Pakistani-Turkish defense framework represents one of the most significant attempts in recent years to construct an autonomous security architecture linking the Middle East with South Asia. It is still premature to describe it as an “Islamic NATO,” because it lacks NATO’s permanent command structure, standardized operational doctrine and […]
It’s almost certainly the case that they’re being sent through Pakistan. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov warned in mid-July in his address to participants of a regional meeting on stopping the flow of weapons to terrorists in Central Asia that Western arms and ammo from Ukraine are being sent to […]
It is no surprise that beneath the surface of the global financial system lies a web of deception, greed, and treachery, where powerful figures hide their true motives behind a facade of patriotism. But the extent to which U.S. President Donald Trump’s hypocritical crypto dealings endanger the security of U.S. […]
Larry Johnson said in interviews on May 20th, that America’s only allies in the Middle East will likely be Israel and Jordan, as a result of which the U.S. will be defeated by Iran if Trump goes for another invasion of Iran. Johnson made clear that crucial to American success in […]
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