Pakistan

Turkey-Syria-Jordan-Hejaz-Railway-Israel

Turkiye’s Planned Revival Of The Hejaz Railway Strategically Encircles Israel

The growing Israeli-Turkish rivalry might soon expand to Jordan. Turkiye, Syria, and Jordan signed a trilateral MoU in early April on transport cooperation that followed their meeting more than half a year prior last September where they first committed to reviving the Hejaz Railway. This late-Ottoman project connected Istanbul with Medina and Mecca but […]

Shanghai-Cooperation-Organization-COMECON

From COMECON To The SCO: Eurasia’s Transformation

This study examines continuity and change in Eurasian multilateralism from COMECON and the Warsaw Pact to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Unlike its Soviet-era predecessors, the SCO adopts a flexible and pragmatic model linking security and economic development. However, this flexibility also limits the organization’s ability to manage internal disputes such […]

Pakistan-US-Iran-talks

Trump’s Iran Ceasefire ‘Deal’ Never Existed:

Nothing was actually signed. Trump had needed an excuse so he could claim he hadn’t been bluffing, thus claimed there was a deal. There were no negotiations. On Wednesday, April 8th, updated at 5:52 pm ET, the Wall Street Journal headlined “A Closer Look at Iran’s 10 Demands — and Which the U.S. Might Accept: […]

Iran-Trump-Israel-potential-strikes

Iran’s “Balkanization” Is Unlikely But Still Can’t Be Ruled Out

Azerbaijan, Turkiye, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan, all of which have been Iran’s “frenemies” since 1979 and whose military-strategic interests are increasingly converging, are expected to exploit any large-scale instability that could follow another potential round of US strikes if Trump changes his mind. The Wall Street Journal recently published a […]

Eastern-Mediterranean-Turkey-Pakistan-Israel-Cyprus-Greece

Eastern Mediterranean Geopolitics Are Becoming More Complex

Tensions are growing between Turkiye-Pakistan and Israel-Cyprus-Greece. Stability in the Eastern Mediterranean can no longer be taken for granted as a result of three recent developments: 1) the growing Turkish-Israeli rivalry in post-Assad Syria; 2) Israel’s reported plans to establish a rapid response force with Cyprus and Greece; and 3) Turkish ally Pakistan’s new military […]