Pakistan

Middle-East-Saudi-Arabia-Turkey-Pakistan

The Mecca Defence Axis: Why Saudi Arabia, Türkiye And Pakistan Are Building A Strategic Bloc

The emerging Saudi-Pakistani-Turkish defense framework represents one of the most significant attempts in recent years to construct an autonomous security architecture linking the Middle East with South Asia. It is still premature to describe it as an “Islamic NATO,” because it lacks NATO’s permanent command structure, standardized operational doctrine and […]

Turkey-Syria-Jordan-Hejaz-Railway-Israel

Turkiye’s Planned Revival Of The Hejaz Railway Strategically Encircles Israel

The growing Israeli-Turkish rivalry might soon expand to Jordan. Turkiye, Syria, and Jordan signed a trilateral MoU in early April on transport cooperation that followed their meeting more than half a year prior last September where they first committed to reviving the Hejaz Railway. This late-Ottoman project connected Istanbul with Medina and Mecca but […]

Shanghai-Cooperation-Organization-COMECON

From COMECON To The SCO: Eurasia’s Transformation

This study examines continuity and change in Eurasian multilateralism from COMECON and the Warsaw Pact to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Unlike its Soviet-era predecessors, the SCO adopts a flexible and pragmatic model linking security and economic development. However, this flexibility also limits the organization’s ability to manage internal disputes such […]

Pakistan-US-Iran-talks

Trump’s Iran Ceasefire ‘Deal’ Never Existed:

Nothing was actually signed. Trump had needed an excuse so he could claim he hadn’t been bluffing, thus claimed there was a deal. There were no negotiations. On Wednesday, April 8th, updated at 5:52 pm ET, the Wall Street Journal headlined “A Closer Look at Iran’s 10 Demands — and Which the U.S. Might Accept: […]