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Aref’s Moscow Visit Shows How Iran Is Stress-Testing Asia’s Economic Architecture

When Iran’s first vice-president, Mohammad Reza Aref, travelled to Moscow for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s (SCO) prime ministers’ meeting, it came at a moment of renewed pressure on Tehran. The snapback mechanism has been reactivated, Western sanctions discussions are re-intensifying, and the regional environment remains unsettled after the recent twelve-day […]

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The 2025 U.S.–Venezuela Confrontation (II)

Part I A U.S. military strike – whether a limited set of precision airstrikes or a broader campaign – would have profound consequences. Inside Venezuela, such strikes would likely strengthen nationalist sentiment, especially if civilians are harmed. The Venezuelan military has the capability to retaliate against U.S. forces and cause […]

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Why Isn’t Israel Being Obliterated?

https://beeley.substack.com/p/know-your-enemy-international-law “Know your enemy: International Law” VIDEO: Vanesa Beeley interviews Isa Blumi, 23 November 2025 I sit down again with Professor Isa Blumi to run through recent events, including the UNSC approval of Resolution 2803 that gives a green light to the Trump ‘final solution’ for Gaza in full compliance […]

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Parochialism, Justice And International Law: Türkiye’s Genocide Warrants For Israel

The authorities in Türkiye have hit their stride regarding international humanitarian law, a subject they are not always consistent about.  The Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the defence minister Israel Katz, and others, are facing arrest warrants for genocide from the Istanbul Criminal Court of Peace.  This is plucky, assertive, […]

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Europe And Ukraine Counter The U.S.-Russia Peace Proposal: Geneva Talks Expose Deep Divisions Over Security, Territory, And Frozen Russian Assets

The first round of peace negotiations held on Sunday at the U.S. mission in Geneva marked a dramatic turning point in international attempts to end the war in Ukraine. Instead of moving closer to a compromise, the talks revealed a widening rift between the United States on one side and […]