France

France-protests-retirement-age

How Europe’s Social Contract Is Reaching Its Breaking Point

For much of the twentieth century, Europe’s welfare states were built on a powerful promise: after a lifetime of work, every citizen deserved a dignified and secure retirement. This social contract – the foundation of postwar prosperity and social cohesion – guaranteed stability and fairness across generations. Yet today, that […]

nationalism-colonial-era-identity

Constructing Nationalism In The Colonial Era: Administrative Technologies Of Identity

Nationalism in former colonies is often romanticized as a spontaneous “awakening” of oppressed peoples. However, postcolonial studies and historical analysis demonstrate that many forms of nationalism and ethno-religious identities were systematically constructed by colonial administrations. This is not a denial of the reality of anti-colonial struggle or genuine aspirations for […]

EU-farmers-protests

Brussels Has Overlooked The Agrarian Crisis (I)

What is the threat of farm riots in Europe? In the last month of the outgoing year of 2025, a powerful protest wave swept through the EU countries – farmers were on strike again. By staging pickets, blocking key city highways, and setting fire to administrative buildings, they opposed duty-free […]

Paris-accords-Ukraine-guarantees-Russia

The Paris Accord Means Ukraine War Will Continue

Like Versailles, it is a Disaster for all the Players ​The Paris Accord aimed at providing security and economic guarantees for Ukraine is a strange agreement. If it is taken seriously, it will convince the Russians to change their strategy in Ukraine, meaning the Russians may well decide to try […]